La participation citoyenne à la résilience : le cas du risque canicule
Résumé
Following a disaster, from the very next minute, the populations, victims, are also the first links of help and solidarity. Gathering around the local elected officials, welcoming neighbors, spontaneous volunteers to the emergency services are also highlighted during each major event. Confronted with a chaotic context and in the absence of structured emergency services, the populations self-organize to cope with it. In France, the law on the modernization of civil security of August 13, 2004 places the citizen at the heart of civil security. However, 14 years later, this principle remains difficult to apply in the field. Concepts such as population resilience or community resilience and multiple initiatives have emerged in order to reinvest populations in crisis management. However, it is clear that (1) the identification and understanding of the various typical behaviors of populations and (2) taking them into account in the conduct of operations are still major issues in crisis management, and are favored by international bodies. On a scientific and technological level, the INPLIC project is interested in the regeneration of the proximity link between emergency services and the population in a crisis situation, whether it is a civil or internal security crisis. This project focuses on the definition, design and deployment of a system that integrates the first link in the operational chain, i.e. the population, in the conduct of emergency operations. This overall system aims at detecting, monitoring and integrating all the initiatives of the populations in the operational management. The INPLIC project is based on 4 complementary axes: 1/analysis of typical behaviors of populations in the face of crises. Observe, analyze and then characterize structuring behaviors (mutual aid, solidarity) and destructuring behaviors (panic, looting, delinquency) for emergency services. What can we learn and expect from them? What anticipation(s) can be predicted according to the territory concerned? 2/ the design of proximity vectors for emergency services/population based on the knowledge generated previously. What specifications and technological solutions should be used to retrieve data from the field? 3/ Integrating this information into the conduct of emergency operations. How can we capitalize on "solidarity initiatives" as an "initial link" in the operational chain that can be mobilized? 4/ The emergence of service innovations based on the diversity of networks of actors and action logics. Why and how can we redefine methods of collective action that integrate the principle of proximity between populations and relief? How can we change the organizations in charge of civil security, from a logic of control and command to a logic of continuity, coordination and cooperation? The results of the INPLIC project are intended to generate institutional, economic and social impacts. The institutional impacts of the INPLIC project are in line with the strategies promoted by public authorities and civil society to deal with crisis situations, such as the 2016 national cause "Adopt life-saving behaviors" promoted by the French firefighters' federation, the French Red Cross and civil protection. In addition, the results of the project may help to develop national doctrine, through the accreditation of civil protection associations, in particular mission "C" related to the supervision of volunteers (spontaneous or not) during actions to support disaster victims. The institutional issue addressed by the INPLIC project is therefore one of recognition, of relaying information to local (AMF, prefecture) and national (ENSOSP) public services and finally of standardizing public action (Ministry of the Interior). The INPLIC project also aims to generate economic impacts through industrial partnerships and the prototypes and use cases developed.
Domaines
Sciences de l'Homme et Société
Origine : Fichiers produits par l'(les) auteur(s)
