Virtual Metal Forming with Damage Occurrence Using Adaptive Remeshing
Abstract
This article presents a numerical methodology which aims to improve virtually any metal forming processes. This methodology is based on elastoplastic constitutive equations accounting for non-linear mixed isotropic and kinematic hardening "strongly" coupled with isotropic ductile damage. During simulation of metal forming processes, where large plastic deformations with ductile damage occur, severe mesh distorsion takes place after a finite number of incremental steps. Hence an automatic mesh generation with remeshing capabilities is essential to carry out the finite element analysis. Besides, when damage is taken into account a kill element procedure is needed to eliminate the fully damaged elements in order to simulate the growth of macroscopic cracks. The necessary steps to remesh a damaged structure in finite element simulation of forming processes including damage occurrence (initiation and growth) are given. An important part of this procedure is constituted by geometrical and physical error estimates. The meshing and remeshing procedures are automatic and are implemented in a computational finite element analysis package (ABAQUS/Explicit solver using the Vumat user subroutine and BL2D-V2 adaptive mesher).