Smart materials in additive manufacturing: state of the art and trends
Résumé
Additive Manufacturing or 3D Printing has a great potential to develop significant advances in materials, printers’ technology, and processes. Thus, the layer by layer manufacturing has existed for three decades and new developments recently appeared in smart materials. Laboratories discovered ways to design and manufacture advanced structured materials and responsive materials used in multi-functional and high-performance products. The current research and development efforts will have an impact on the traditional design and manufacturing process. 4D Printing announces a major modification in the product design and manufacturing process from static structures to dynamic structures like Shape Memory Material (SMM) with integrated functionalities. This article presents a review of smart materials based on a classification of advanced structured materials and responsive materials before beginning a description of current applications. The use of multi-materials and the study of predictive models to simulate the responsive materials behaviour accelerate the smart materials development.